Hollow or hollow structural sections (HSS) or tube sections are integral components in structural engineering and construction. With their distinctive hollow shape, these sections offer a range of advantages and find extensive utilization in various applications.
Characteristically, hollow sections are constructed from steel, aluminum, concrete, or composite materials. Their hollow nature gives them a superior strength-to-weight ratio, making them structurally efficient. Moreover, the void space within these sections allows for integrating additional elements, such as electrical wiring or plumbing, enhancing their versatility.
The shape of hollow sections varies, encompassing square, rectangular, and circular forms. Each shape has unique properties, making it suitable for specific applications. Circular hollow sections, for example, distribute stress evenly, making them ideal for columns and structural supports. In contrast, square or rectangular sections offer enhanced resistance to torsional forces, making them suitable for beams and trusses.
Depending on the chosen material and desired properties, manufacturing processes for hollow sections include hot rolling, cold forming, or welding. This flexibility in manufacturing techniques allows for customizing hollow sections to meet specific project requirements.
Hollow sections are extensively utilized in the construction of buildings, bridges, infrastructure, and various other structural projects. Their wide usage stems from their ability to provide strength, stability, and versatility cost-effectively. As such, hollow sections play a pivotal role in modern engineering, creating robust and efficient structures that shape our built environment.
Features:
- High strength-to-weight ratio.
- Widely used in construction.
- Efficient fabrication and welding.
- Flexibility in design.
- Uniform wall thickness.
- Improved corrosion resistance.
- Various material options are available.
- Resistant to bending, torsion, and compression.
Hollow Section-IS Standard
Types of Hollow Sections
Square Hollow Section
A square hollow section (SHS) is a type of hollow structural section characterized by its square shape and hollow interior. The square shape of the hollow section provides excellent load-bearing capabilities, making it a preferred choice in structural designs. It offers high torsional stability, essential for resisting bending and twisting forces. The section's hollow interior allows for efficient materials utilization, reducing weight without compromising strength. This makes SHS particularly suitable for weight reduction applications, such as in the aerospace or automotive industries. To enhance the mechanical properties, SHS can undergo additional treatments such as galvanization or coating to improve corrosion resistance. This ensures the longevity and durability of the section, especially in outdoor or corrosive environments.
Square Hollow Section Weight Chart, Dimension and Size:
| Size mm | kg/m | Size mm | kg/m |
| 20 x 20 x 2.0 | 1.12 | 20 x 20 x 2.5 | 1.35 |
| 25 x 25 x 1.5 | 1.06 | 25 x 25 x 2.0 | 1.43 |
| 25 X 25 X 2.5 | 1.74 | 25 X 25 X 3.0 | 2.04 |
| 30 X 30 X 2.0 | 1.68 | 30 X 30 X 2.5 | 2.14 |
| 30 X 30 X 3.0 | 2.51 | 40 x 40 x 1.5 | 1.81 |
| 40 x 40 x 2.0 | 2.31 | 40 x 40 x 2.5 | 2.92 |
| 40 x 40 x 3.0 | 3.45 | 40 x 40 x 4.0 | 4.46 |
| 40 x 40 x 5.0 | 5.40 | 50 x 50 x 1.5 | 2.28 |
| 50 x 50 x 2.0 | 2.93 | 50 x 50 x 2.5 | 3.71 |
| 50 x 50 x 3.0 | 4.39 | 50 x 50 x 4.0 | 5.72 |
| 50 x 50 x 5.0 | 6.97 | 60 x 60 x 3.0 | 5.34 |
| 60 x 60 x 4.0 | 6.97 | 60 x 60 x 5.0 | 8.54 |
| 60 x 60 x 6.0 | 9.45 | 70 x 70 x 3.0 | 6.28 |
| 70 x 70 x 3.6 | 7.46 | 70 x 70 x 5.0 | 10.11 |
| 70 x 70 x 6.3 | 12.50 | 70 x 70 x 8 | 15.30 |
| 75 x 75 x 3.0 | 7.07 | 80 x 80 x 3.0 | 7.22 |
| 80 x 80 x 3.6 | 8.59 | 80 x 80 x 5.0 | 11.70 |
| 80 x 80 x 6.0 | 13.90 | 90 x 90 x 3.0 | 8.01 |
| 90 x 90 x 3.6 | 9.72 | 90 x 90 x 5.0 | 13.30 |
| 90 x 90 x 6.0 | 15.76 | 90 x 90 x 8.0 | 20.40 |
| 100 x 100 x 3.0 | 8.96 | 100 x 100 x 4.0 | 12.00 |
| 100 x 100 x 5.0 | 14.80 | 100 x 100 x 5.0 | 14.80 |
| 100 x 100 x 6.0 | 16.19 | 100 x 100 x 8.0 | 22.90 |
| 100 x 100 x 10 | 27.90 | 120 x 120 x 5 | 18.00 |
| 120 x 120 x 6.0 | 21.30 | 120 X 120 X 6.3 | 22.30 |
| 120 x 120 x 8.0 | 27.90 | 120 x 120 x 10 | 34.20 |
| 120 X 120 X 12 | 35.8 | 120 X 120 X 12.5 | 41.60 |
| 140 X 140 X 5.0 | 21.10 | 140 X 140 X 6.3 | 26.30 |
| 140 X 140 X 8 | 32.90 | 140 X 140 X 10 | 40.40 |
| 140 X 140 X 12.5 | 49.50 | 150 X 150 X 5.0 | 22.70 |
| 150 X 150 X 6.3 | 28.30 | 150 X 150 X 8.0 | 35.40 |
| 150 X 150 X 10 | 43.60 | 150 X 150 X 12.5 | 53.40 |
| 150 X 150 X 16 | 66.40 | 150 X 150 X 16 | 66.40 |
| 180 X 180 X 5 | 27.40 | 180 X 180 X 6.3 | 34.20 |
| 180 X 180 X 8 | 43.00 | 180 X 180 X 10 | 53.00 |
| 180 X 180 X 12.5 | 65.20 | 180 X 180 X 16 | 81.40 |
| 200 X 200 X 5 | 30.50 | 200 X 200 X 6 | 35.8 |
| 200 x 200 x 6.3 | 38.2 | 200 x 200 x 8 | 48.00 |
| 200 x 200 x 10 | 59.30 | 200 x 200 x 12.5 | 73.00 |
| 200 x 200 x 16 | 91.50 | 250 x 250 x 6.3 | 48.10 |
| 250 x 250 x 8 | 60.50 | 250 x 250 x 10 | 75.00 |
| 250 x 250 x 12.5 | 92.60 | 250 x 250 x 16 | 117.00 |
| 300 x 300 x 6.3 | 57.90 | 300 x 300 x 8 | 73.10 |
| 300 x 300 x 10 | 57.90 | 300 x 300 x 8 | 90.70 |
| 300 x 300 x 12.5 | 112.00 | 300 x 300 x 16 | 142.00 |
| 350 x 350 x 8 | 85.70 | 350 x 350 x 10 | 106.00 |
| 350 x 350 x 12.5 | 132.00 | 350 x 350 x 16 | 167.00 |
| 400 x 400 x 10 | 122.00 | 400 x 400 x 12 | 141.00 |
| 400 x 400 x 12.5mm | 152.00 | 400 x 400 x 16 | 192 |
Circular Hollow Section
A circular hollow section (CHS) is a specific type of hollow structural section known for its circular shape and empty interior. The circular shape of the hollow section offers numerous advantages. Foremost, it ensures uniform stress distribution, making CHS highly resistant to bending and torsional forces. This makes them ideal for applications where structural integrity is paramount, such as in constructing bridges, towers, and cranes. Moreover, the circular cross-section enables efficient load transfer, enabling CHS to bear substantial loads with minimal deformation.
Additionally, the smooth and rounded edges of CHS enhance safety during handling and installation. They minimize the risk of sharp edges that could cause injuries or damage to surrounding materials. CHS possesses notable aesthetic qualities as well. The symmetrical and visually pleasing circular profile adds an appealing touch to architectural designs. This makes CHS a popular choice in applications where aesthetics play a significant role, such as in the design of railings, furniture, and artistic structures.
Circular Hollow Section Weight Chart, Dimension and Size:
| Nominal Bore | Outside diameter | Thickness | Weight |
| mm | mm | mm | kg/m |
|
15
|
21.3
|
2 | 0.95 |
| 2.6 | 1.21 | ||
| 3.2 | 1.44 | ||
|
20
|
26.9
|
2.3 | 1.38 |
| 2.6 | 1.56 | ||
| 3.2 | 1.87 | ||
|
25
|
33.7
|
2.6 | 1.98 |
| 3.2 | 0.24 | ||
| 4 | 2.93 | ||
|
32
|
42.4
|
2.6 | 2.54 |
| 3.2 | 3.01 | ||
| 4 | 3.79 | ||
|
40
|
48.3
|
2.9 | 3.23 |
| 3.2 | 3.56 | ||
| 4 | 4.37 | ||
|
50
|
60.3
|
2.9 | 4.08 |
| 3.6 | 5.03 | ||
| 5 | 6.19 | ||
|
65
|
76.1
|
3.2 | 5.71 |
| 3.6 | 6.42 | ||
| 4.5 | 7.93 | ||
|
80
|
88.9
|
3.2 | 6.72 |
| 4 | 8.36 | ||
| 4.8 | 9.9 | ||
|
100
|
114.3
|
3.6 | 9.75 |
| 4.5 | 12.2 | ||
| 5.4 | 14.5 | ||
|
125
|
139.7
|
4.5 | 15 |
| 4.8 | 15.9 | ||
| 5.4 | 17.9 | ||
|
150
|
165.1
|
4.5 | 17.8 |
| 4.8 | 18.9 | ||
| 5.4 | 21.3 | ||
|
150
|
168.3
|
5 | 20.1 |
| 6.3 | 25.2 | ||
| 8 | 31.6 | ||
| 10 | 39 | ||
| 12.5 | 48 | ||
|
200
|
219.1
|
4.8 | 25.38 |
| 6 | 31.51 | ||
| 8 | 41.67 | ||
| 10 | 51.59 | ||
|
250
|
273
|
6 | 39.51 |
| 8 | 52.3 | ||
| 10 | 64.59 | ||
|
300
|
323.9
|
6.3 | 49.36 |
| 8 | 62.35 | ||
| 10 | 77.44 |
Rectangular Hollow Section
A rectangular hollow section (RHS) is a type of hollow structural section characterized by its rectangular shape and hollow interior. The rectangular shape of the hollow section offers several advantages:
- It provides a larger surface area for contact and load distribution, making RHS highly efficient in bearing heavy loads. This makes them suitable for applications where structural stability and load-carrying capacity are crucial, such as in the construction of buildings, bridges, and infrastructure.
- The rectangular cross-section facilitates easy integration and alignment with other structural components. The straight edges and flat surfaces of RHS simplify connection points, streamlining the assembly process and reducing construction time and costs.
- The rectangular hollow section lends itself well to aesthetic considerations.
The clean and sleek lines of RHS offer a visually pleasing appearance, making them a popular choice in architectural and design applications. The symmetrical geometry and smooth edges contribute to a modern and sophisticated look, enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal of structures.
Rectangular Hollow Section Weight Chart, Dimension and Size:
| Size mm | kg/m | Size mm | kg/m |
| 40 x 20 x 2.0 | 1.68 | 40 x 20 x 2.5 | 2.03 |
| 40 x 20 x 3.0 | 2.36 | 40 x 25 x 1.5 | 1.44 |
| 40 x 25 x 2.0 | 1.89 | 40 x 25 x 2.5 | 2.23 |
| 50 x 25 x 2.0 | 2.21 | 50 x 25 x 2.5 | 2.72 |
| 50 x 25 x 3.0 | 3.22 | 50 x 30 x 2.5 | 2.92 |
| 50 x 30 x 3.0 | 3.45 | 50 x 30 x 4.0 | 4.46 |
| 50 x 40 x 3.0 | 3.77 | 60 x 40 x 2.0 | 2.93 |
| 60 x 40 x 2.5 | 3.71 | 60 x 40 x 3.0 | 4.39 |
| 60 x 40 x 4.0 | 5.72 | 70 x 50 x 2 | 3.56 |
| 70 x 50 x 2.5 | 4.39 | 70 x 50 x 3.0 | 5.19 |
| 70 x 50 x 4.0 | 6.71 | 80 x 40 x 2.5 | 4.26 |
| 80 x 40 x 3.0 | 5.34 | 80 x 40 x 4.0 | 6.97 |
| 80 x 40 x 5.0 | 8.54 | 80 x 50 x 3.0 | 5.66 |
| 80 x 50 x 4.0 | 7.34 | 90 x 50 x 3.0 | 6.28 |
| 90 x 50 x 3.6 | 7.46 | 90 x 50 x 5.0 | 10.11 |
| 100 x 50 x 2.5 | 5.63 | 100 x 50 x 3.0 | 6.75 |
| 100 x 50 x 4.0 | 8.86 | 100 x 50 x 5.0 | 10.90 |
| 100 x 60 x 3.0 | 7.22 | 100 x 60 x 3.6 | 8.59 |
| 100 x 60 x 5.0 | 11.70 | 120 x 80 x 2.5 | 7.65 |
| 120 x 80 x 3.0 | 9.03 | 120 x 80 x 4.0 | 12.00 |
| 120 x 80 x 5.0 | 14.80 | 120 x 80 x 6.0 | 17.60 |
| 120 x 80 x 8.0 | 22.9 | 150 x 100 x 5.0 | 18.70 |
| 150 x 100 x 6.0 | 22.30 | 150 x 100 x 8.0 | 29.10 |
| 150 x 100 x 10.0 | 35.70 | 160 x 80 x 5.0 | 18.00 |
| 160 x 80 x 6.0 | 21.30 | 160 x 80 x 8.0 | 27.90 |
| 200 x 100 x 5.0 | 22.70 | 200 x 100 x 6.0 | 27.00 |
| 200 x 100 x 8.0 | 35.4 | 200 x 100 x 10.0 | 43.60 |
| 250 x 150 x 5.0 | 30.5 | 250 x 150 x 6.0 | 38.2 |
| 250 x 150 x 8.0 | 48.0 | 250 x 150 x 10 | 59.3 |
| 300 x 200 x 6.0 | 48.10 | 300 x 200 x 8.0 | 60.50 |
| 300 x 200 x 10.0 | 75.00 | 400 x 200 x 8.0 | 73.10 |
| 400 x 200 x 10.0 | 90.70 | 400 x 200 x 16 | 142.00 |